2026, Vol. 13, No. 2. - go to content...

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DOI: 10.15862/17SATS226 (https://doi.org/10.15862/17SATS226)

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Kozlov P.G., Fediuk R.S. The structure formation of geopolymer concretes based on hydraulically removed ash and slag waste. Russian Journal of Transport Engineering. 2026; 13(2). Available at: https://t-s.today/PDF/17SATS226.pdf (in Russian). DOI: 10.15862/17SATS226

The structure formation of geopolymer concretes based on hydraulically removed ash and slag waste

Kozlov Pavel Gennadievich
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
E-mail: Kozlov.pg@dvfu.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7826-0221
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=810915

Fediuk Roman Sergeevich
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
E-mail: Roman44@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-1240
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=635540

Abstract. The global anthropogenic load on ecosystems, caused by the activities of the cement and energy industries, requires a transition to environmentally friendly construction technologies. The production of cement‑free geopolymer concretes with comprehensive disposal of ash and slag waste is recognized as a promising direction. Using the method of mathematical experimental design, a wide range of formulations has been developed, the optimal method of compacting which is vibration (1000 rpm, 1 min). The phase composition and kinetics of structure formation were studied using scanning electron microscopy, X‑ray phase analysis, differential thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. It was established that, unlike traditional Portland cement systems, where calcium hydrosilicates dominate, the microstructure of the developed geopolymers is represented by calcium and sodium hydroaluminosilicates. The integration of aluminum atoms into the crystal lattice of hydrated formations ensures significant strengthening of the material. The identified mechanism of structure formation in alkali‑activated compositions based on pre‑prepared ash and slag products confirms their high reactivity. The resulting geopolymer concretes have increased early strength, corrosion resistance and frost resistance, which makes them suitable for use in aggressive environments. The materials are recommended for the construction of transport structures (road pavements, bridge supports, tunnel elements), contributing to a 40–60 % reduction in the carbon footprint and the rational use of industrial waste within the framework of the circular economy concept. The research results have been implemented in the practice of design organizations, and the developed technology demonstrates economic efficiency due to reduced costs for waste disposal and lower energy consumption in the production of binding materials.

Keywords: construction; structure formation; geopolymer; concrete; ash slag; waste; alkali

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